10.6084/m9.figshare.10011482.v1 Hu J. Hu J. Chai X. Chai X. Wang D. Wang D. Shu S. Shu S. Magnussen C.G. Magnussen C.G. Xie L. Xie L. Hu S. Hu S. Supplementary Material for: Intraoperative Flurbiprofen Treatment Alters Immune Checkpoint Expression in Patients Undergoing Elective Thoracoscopic Resection of Lung Cancer Karger Publishers 2019 Immune cells Lung cancer Flurbiprofen Programmed death 1 2019-10-22 08:30:10 Dataset https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_Intraoperative_Flurbiprofen_Treatment_Alters_Immune_Checkpoint_Expression_in_Patients_Undergoing_Elective_Thoracoscopic_Resection_of_Lung_Cancer/10011482 <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study aimed to determine the effect of intraoperative administration of flurbiprofen on postoperative levels of programmed death 1 (PD-1) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> In this prospective double-blind trial, patients were randomized to receive intralipid (control group, <i>n</i> = 34, 0.1 mL/kg, i.v.) or flurbiprofen axetil (flurbiprofen group, <i>n</i> = 34, 50 mg, i.v.) before induction of anesthesia. PD-1 levels on T cell subsets, inflammation, and immune markers in peripheral blood were examined before the induction of anesthesia (T<sub>0</sub>) and 24 h (T<sub>1</sub>), 72 h (T<sub>2</sub>), and 1 week (T<sub>3</sub>) after surgery. A linear mixed model was used to determine whether the changes from baseline values (T<sub>0</sub>) between groups were significantly different. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The increases in the percentage of PD-1<sup>(+)</sup>CD8<sup>(+)</sup> T cells observed at T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> in the control group were higher than those in the flurbiprofen group (T<sub>1</sub>: 12.91 ± 1.65 vs. 7.86 ± 5.71%, <i>p</i> = 0.031; T<sub>2</sub>: 11.54 ± 1.54 vs. 8.75 ± 1.73%, <i>p</i> = 0.004), whereas no differences were observed in the changes in the percentage of PD-1<sup>(+)</sup>CD4<sup>(+)</sup> T cells at T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> between the groups. Moreover, extensive changes in the percentage of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory marker concentrations were observed at T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> after surgery and flurbiprofen attenuated most of these changes. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Perioperative administration of flurbiprofen attenuated the postoperative increase in PD-1 levels on CD8<sup>(+)</sup> T cells up to 72 h after surgery, but not after this duration. The clinical relevance of changes in PD-1 levels to long-term surgical outcome remains unknown.