Supplementary Material for: Hybrid Percutaneous-Endoscopic Removal (HPER) of Cholelithiasis Simons-Linares C.R. Gurajala R. Morris-Stiff G. Chahal P. 10.6084/m9.figshare.12736766.v1 https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_Hybrid_Percutaneous-Endoscopic_Removal_HPER_of_Cholelithiasis/12736766 Acute cholecystitis (AC) affects over 20 million Americans annually, leading to annual costs exceeding USD 6 billion. Optimal treatment is early cholecystectomy. However, patients deemed high surgical risk undergo percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement as a bridge to surgery or more commonly as a definitive therapy. We hereby describe our experience with a new procedure named “Hybrid Percutaneous Endoscopic Removal (HPER) of cholelithiasis” that is meant for patients with chronic indwelling PCT. This procedure is an effective alternative to EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in high-risk patients. It does not require special expertise or technology and is simply performed by placing a fully covered metal stent conduit through the existing mature percutaneous tract allowing the endoscopic removal of gallstones through this conduit. This procedure can prevent the recurrence of gallstone-related complications as well as chronic PCT-related costs and adverse events. In our video, we present a case series and long-term follow-up of patients who underwent HPER as an alternative definitive therapy for calculous AC. 2020-07-30 05:20:58 Acute cholecystitis Endoscopic removal of gallstones Cholelithiasis Gallbladder drainage Recurrence of cholecystitis High-risk surgical candidate