10.6084/m9.figshare.3466679.v1 Ylijoki M. Ylijoki M. Lehtonen L. Lehtonen L. Lind A. Lind A. Ekholm E. Ekholm E. Lapinleimu H. Lapinleimu H. Kujari H. Kujari H. Haataja L. Haataja L. the PIPARI Study Group the PIPARI Study Group Supplementary Material for: Chorioamnionitis and Five-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Preterm Infants Karger Publishers 2016 •Chorioamnionitis •Preterm infant •Neurodevelopment 2016-06-29 08:58:51 Dataset https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_Chorioamnionitis_and_Five-Year_Neurodevelopmental_Outcome_in_Preterm_Infants/3466679 <b><i>Background:</i></b> Chorioamnionitis, a risk factor for preterm delivery, has been suggested to be associated with suboptimal neurological development in premature infants. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the association between chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopment in preterm infants at 5 years of age. <b><i>Methods </i></b>Very low birth weight and very low gestational age infants (n = 197) were recruited. Placental samples (n = 117) were evaluated for histological chorioamnionitis. Fetal histological chorioamnionitis was analyzed as a subgroup. The diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis was derived from medical records. Neurodevelopmental impairments were evaluated at 2 years of age, and cognitive development (n = 188) and neuropsychological performance (n = 193) were evaluated at 5 years of age. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were no associations between histological or clinical chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental impairments at 2 years of age.<b> </b>Clinical chorioamnionitis and fetal histological chorioamnionitis were not associated with cognitive development or neuropsychological performance, but histological chorioamnionitis was associated with poorer cognitive outcome (regression coefficient = -7.22, 95% CI: -14.31 to -0.13) and weaker memory and learning functions (regression coefficient = -1.29, 95% CI: -2.40 to -0.18) at 5 years of age. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study findings do not support clinical chorioamnionitis having a major independent role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental problems in very preterm infants. Histological chorioamnionitis was associated with slightly less optimal performance at 5 years of age, but further studies are needed to verify the clinical significance of these findings.