Supplementary Material for: Breast Milk Polyamines and Microbiota Interactions: Impact of Mode of Delivery and Geographical Location
Gómez-Gallego C.
Kumar H.
García-Mantrana I.
du Toit E.
Suomela J.-P.
Linderborg K.M.
Zhang Y.
Isolauri E.
Yang B.
Salminen S.
Collado M.C.
10.6084/m9.figshare.4758334.v1
https://karger.figshare.com/articles/figure/Supplementary_Material_for_Breast_Milk_Polyamines_and_Microbiota_Interactions_Impact_of_Mode_of_Delivery_and_Geographical_Location/4758334
<p><b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The aim of the present study was to
identify and quantify the polyamine levels in human milk obtained from
different countries and through different modes of delivery, and to
investigate their association with breast milk microbes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b>
Mature breast milk samples were obtained from 78 healthy mothers after 1
month of lactation from 4 different geographical locations: Finland,
Spain (Europe); South Africa (Africa); and China (Asia). Polyamines were
determined using HPLC after dansyl derivatization and milk microbiota
was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The
mean values of polyamines in breast milk were 70.0, 424.2, and 610.0
nmol/dL for putrescine, spermidine and spermine, respectively, and
1,170.9 nmol/dL of total polyamines. The levels of putrescine were
significantly higher in Spain (<i>p < </i>0.05) and spermidine levels were significantly higher in Finland (<i>p < </i>0.05)
compared with other countries. Cesarean delivery had an impact on
polyamine levels and it was related to an increase in the putrescine
concentration being significant in Spanish samples (<i>p < </i>0.01). Furthermore, putrescine levels were correlated positively with Gammaproteobacteria (<i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>p < </i>0.001), especially with <i>Pseudomonas fragi </i>(<i>r</i> = 0.40, <i>p < </i>0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b>
The results demonstrate significant effect of geographical variations
in human milk polyamine concentrations, being correlated with human milk
microbiota composition. These differences may have an impact on infant
development during lactation.</p>
2017-03-16 14:38:14
Polyamines
Putrescine
Spermidine
Spermine
Caesarean
Breast milk
Microbiota
Proteobacteria