10.6084/m9.figshare.5122912.v1 Baba S. S. Oishi Y. Oishi Y. Watanabe Y. Watanabe Y. Oikawa R. Oikawa R. Morita R. Morita R. Yoshida Y. Yoshida Y. Hiraishi T. Hiraishi T. Maehata T. Maehata T. Nagase Y. Nagase Y. Fukuda Y. Fukuda Y. Supplementary Material for: Gastric Wash-Based Molecular Testing for Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Karger Publishers 2011 Helicobacter pylori Gastric washes Gastric cancer Diagnosis 2011-11-03 00:00:00 Dataset https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_Gastric_Wash-Based_Molecular_Testing_for_Antibiotic_Resistance_in_i_Helicobacter_pylori_i_/5122912 <i>Background:</i> A number of noninvasive tests have been developed to establish the presence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection. However, thus far these tests have only been capable of detecting its presence. An increasing number of antibiotic-resistant <i>H. pylori</i> infections have been reported and they are known to be correlated with 23S rRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We hypothesized that genomic analysis of <i>H. pylori</i> recovered from gastric washes could not only be less invasive, but also useful as a screening test and for assessing the outcome of eradication therapy. <i>Methods:</i> Biopsy specimens and gastric washes were collected from 100 patients during endoscopic examination. Then we analyzed 23S rRNA, <i>ureA</i>, and <i>cagA</i> genes using PCR and high-throughput pyrosequencing analysis. <i>Results:</i> Forty-five percent (44/97) of patients tested positive for <i>ureA</i> and 42.3% (41/97) tested positive by a rapid urease test. One hundred percent (35/35) of patients who tested positive by both methods were observed to have the <i>cagA</i> gene. Among these 35 patients, 23S rRNA SNPs were present in 34.3% (12/35). <i>Conclusions:</i> Gastric wash-based PCR and a pyrosequencing assay were used to rapidly detect and estimate the number of 23S rRNA SNPs in clinical isolates of <i>H. pylori</i>. Not only is this a less invasive technique, but it can also diagnose drug resistance.