10.6084/m9.figshare.5126650.v1 Wavrin S. Wavrin S. Bernard H. Bernard H. Wal J.-M. Wal J.-M. Adel-Patient K. Adel-Patient K. Supplementary Material for: Cutaneous or Respiratory Exposures to Peanut Allergens in Mice and Their Impacts on Subsequent Oral Exposure Karger Publishers 2014 Food allergy Peanut Mice Environmental exposure 2014-07-15 00:00:00 Dataset https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_Cutaneous_or_Respiratory_Exposures_to_Peanut_Allergens_in_Mice_and_Their_Impacts_on_Subsequent_Oral_Exposure/5126650 <b><i>Background:</i></b> Recent data suggested that non-gastrointestinal exposure can lead to sensitisation to food allergens. We thus assessed the immune impact of respiratory or cutaneous exposure to peanut proteins on non-altered epithelium and investigated the effect of such pre-exposure on subsequent oral administration of peanut. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> BALB/cJ<b> </b>mice were exposed to purified Ara h 1 or to a non-defatted roasted peanut extract (PE) by simple deposit of allergens solutions on non-altered skin or in the nostrils. Exposures were performed 6 times at weekly intervals. Pre-exposed mice then received intra-gastric administrations of PE alone or in the presence of the Th2 mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). The specific humoral and cellular immune response was assessed throughout the protocol. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both<b> </b>cutaneous and respiratory exposures led to the production of specific IgG1. Local and systemic IL-5 and IL-13 production were also evidenced, demonstrating activation of specific Th2 cells. This effect was dose-dependent and most efficient via the respiratory route. Moreover, these pre-exposures led to the production of specific IgE antibodies after gavage with PE, whatever the presence of CT. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Cutaneous or respiratory exposures to peanut induce Th2 priming in mice. Moreover, pre-exposures promote further sensitisation via the oral route without the use of CT; this proposes a new adjuvant-free experimental model of sensitisation to food that may reflect a realistic exposure pattern in infants. These results also suggest that non-gastrointestinal peanut exposure should be minimised in high-risk infants, even those with non-altered skin, to potentially reduce allergic sensitisation to this major food allergen.