Supplementary Material for: Interactive Effectiveness of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers or Their Combination on Survival of Hemodialysis Patients Kido R. Akizawa T. Fukagawa M. Onishi Y. Yamaguchi T. Fukuhara S. 10.6084/m9.figshare.5620492.v1 https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_Interactive_Effectiveness_of_Angiotensin-Converting_Enzyme_Inhibitors_and_Angiotensin_Receptor_Blockers_or_Their_Combination_on_Survival_of_Hemodialysis_Patients/5620492 <b><i>Background:</i></b> Does the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers individually or as a combination confer a survival benefit in hemodialysis patients? The answer to this question is yet unclear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a case-cohort study using data from the Mineral and Bone Disorder Outcomes Study for Japanese CKD stage 5D patients (MBD-5D), a 3-year multicenter prospective case-cohort study, including 8,229 hemodialysis patients registered from 86 facilities in Japan. All patients had secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition defined as a parathyroid hormone level ≥180 pg/mL and/or receiving vitamin D receptor activators. We compared all-cause mortality rates between those receiving ACEI, ARB, and their combination and non-users with interaction testing. We used marginal structural Poisson regression (causal model) to estimate the causal effect and interaction adjusted for possible time-dependent confounding. Cardiovascular mortality was also evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 3,762 randomly sampled subcohort patients, those taking ACEI, ARB, and their combination at baseline accounted for 4.0, 31.6, and 3.8%, respectively. Over 3 years, 1,226 all-cause and 462 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Compared to non-users, ARB-alone users had a lower all-cause mortality rate (adjusted incident rate ratio [aIRR] 0.62, 95% CI 0.50–0.76), whereas ACEI-alone users showed a statistically similar rate (aIRR 1.01, 95% CI 0.57–1.77). On the contrary, combination users had a greater mortality rate (aIRR 2.56, 95% CI 1.22–5.37), showing significant interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Analysis for cardiovascular mortality showed similar results. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Among hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, unlike ACEI use, ARB use was associated with greater survival than non-use. Conversely, combination use was associated with greater mortality. Controlled trials are warranted to verify the causality factors of these associations. 2017-11-21 10:00:46 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers Dialysis Epidemiology Mortality