T.W., Jung S.-Y., Kim D.-S., Kim E.-C., Shin Y.B., Park K.-T., Lee Supplementary Material for: <b><i>Euodia daniellii</i></b> Hemsl. (Bee-Bee Tree) Oil Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Apoptosis in Hepatocytes Hepatic lipid accumulation and apoptosis is elevated in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and is closely associated with severity. Saturated fatty acid palmitate stimulates lipid accumulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes. In the present study, we examined bee-bee tree oil (BO)-mediated protective effects on palmitate-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis in mouse primary hepatocytes. Cells were cultured in a control media or the same media containing 150 or 300 µmol/L of albumin-bound palmitate for 24 h. BO concentrations used were 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5%. Palmitate induced lipid accumulation and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes such as <i>SREBP1c</i> and <i>SCD1</i>. However, BO prevented these changes. Furthermore, palmitate stimulated caspase-3 activity and decreased cell viability in the absence of BO. BO reduced palmitate-induced activation of caspase-3 and cell death in a dose-dependent manner. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitors abolished the effects of BO. Furthermore, BO suppressed palmitate-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation through the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. In conclusion, BO attenuated palmitate-induced hepatic steatosis and apoptosis through AMPK-mediated suppression of JNK signaling. These data suggest that BO is an important determinant of saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis, and may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of obesity-mediated liver diseases. Euodia daniellii Hemsl.;Hepatic lipid accumulation;Apoptosis;Vegetable oil 2018-03-29
    https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_b_i_Euodia_daniellii_i_b_Hemsl_Bee-Bee_Tree_Oil_Attenuates_Palmitate-Induced_Lipid_Accumulation_and_Apoptosis_in_Hepatocytes/6048674
10.6084/m9.figshare.6048674.v1