Supplementary Material for: Influence of Feeding Types during the First Months of Life on Calciuria Levels in Healthy Infants: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Clinical Trial

N., Ferré; C., Rubio-Torrents; V., Luque; R., Closa-Monasterolo; V., Grote; B., Koletzko; P., Socha; D., Gruszfeld; J.P., Langhendries; A., Sengier; E., Verduci; J., Escribano; Group, for the European Childhood Obesity Project

doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.4793722.v1

468156_sm1.doc (64.5 kB)

Supplementary Material for: Influence of Feeding Types during the First Months of Life on Calciuria Levels in Healthy Infants: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Clinical Trial

journal contribution

posted on 2017-03-28, 13:51 authored by Ferré N., Rubio-Torrents C., Luque V., Closa-Monasterolo R., Grote V., Koletzko B., Socha P., Gruszfeld D., Langhendries J.P., Sengier A., Verduci E., Escribano J., for the European Childhood Obesity Project Group

Background/Aims: Dietary factors can modify calciuria. We aim to investigate urinary calcium excretion in healthy infants according to their protein. Methods: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial where healthy term infants were randomized after birth to a higher (HP) or lower (LP) protein content formula that was consumed until age 1 year. A non-randomized group of breastfed (BF) infants was used for reference. Anthropometry, dietary intakes and calciuria (calcium/creatinine ratios) from spot urine samples were assessed at ages 3 and 6 months. At 6 months, the kidney volumes were assessed using ultrasonography, and the serum urea and creatinine levels were determined. Results: BF infants showed the highest calciuria levels, followed by the HP and the LP groups (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Either protein intakes or formula types modulated the calciuria in linear regression models adjusted for other influencing dietary factors. The usual cut-off values classified 37.8% (BF), 16.8% (HP) and 4.9% (LP) of the infants as hypercalciuric. Conclusions: Feeding types during the first months of life affect calciuria, with BF infants presenting the highest levels. We propose new cut-off values, based on feeding types, to prevent the overestimation in hypercalciuria diagnoses among BF infants.