Supplementary Material for: Implementation of communication skills training (CST) at oncology centers in Germany - results of a mixed-methods survey

Background. The concept of oncological communication skills training (CST) has already proven to be effective and has been incorporated into the relevant guidelines. The current status of CSTs in Germany is unclear. Methods. We approached all oncology centers in Germany certified by Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) and investigated quantitative and qualitative aspects of CST programs in a mixed-methods approach using questionnaires and interviews. Results. Only a quarter of the responding centers demonstrated a regular CST. These CSTs were partially congruent with the consensus recommendations while deviating significantly in other areas, such as duration and scope. Factors that hinder successful implementation were identified: Scarce time and personnel resources, organizational obstacles, no counterpart funding, lack of knowledge about the concept, and low prioritization. Steps that could facilitate nationwide implementation were found: Inclusion in the certification criteria for oncology centers and mandatory participation, integration into the WBO (further education guideline), support for implementation through concrete instructions, and an active management level in the question of responsibility. Conclusion. Although previous studies have shown that CSTs have positive effects, sufficient implementation has not yet been achieved across the board in Germany. Individual starting points have been identified; further efforts are needed to advance this goal.