Supplementary Material for: The importance of early diagnosis and intervention in chronic kidney disease: Calls-to-action from nephrologists based mainly in Central/Eastern Europe

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a global prevalence of 9.1–13.4%. Comorbidities are abundant and may cause and affect CKD. Cardiovascular disease strongly correlates with CKD, increasing the burden of both diseases. Summary As a group of 15 clinical nephrologists primarily practicing in 12 Central/Eastern European countries, as well as Israel and Kazakhstan, herein we review the significant unmet needs for patients with CKD and recommend several key calls-to-action. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative to ensure optimal outcomes for patients with CKD, with the potential to greatly reduce both morbidity and mortality. Lack of awareness of CKD, substandard indicators of kidney function, suboptimal screening rates, and geographical disparities in reimbursement often hamper access to effective care. Key Messages Our key calls-to-action to address these unmet needs, thus improving the standard of care for patients with CKD, are: increase disease awareness, such as through education; encourage provision of financial support for patients; develop screening algorithms; revisit primary care physician referral practices; and create epidemiological databases that rectify the paucity of data on early-stage disease. By focusing attention on early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of high-risk and early-stage CKD populations we aim to reduce the burdens, progression, and mortality of CKD.