Supplementary Material for: Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia as first presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report

Introduction Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm marked by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and uncontrolled granulocyte production. While autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is commonly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders like CLL, its occurrence in CML is rare, with limited cases documented. Here, we report a case of concurrent chronic phase CML and AIHA. Case presentation: A 34-year-old female patient with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) as a first presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Diagnostic workup including the peripheral smear showed evidence of hemolysis together with high LDH and positive DAT in addition to positive Philadelphia chromosome which is diagnostic for CML. Steroid therapy successfully managed the AIHA, and the patient’s hemoglobin levels normalized, allowing for tapering and discontinuation of steroids. Conclusion: while AIHA is a rare cause of anemia in CML, it should be considered during the evaluation of anemia, particularly following a relapse of CML.