Data from: Navarrete, A. F., Blezer, E. L. A., Pagnotta, M., de Viet, E. S. M., Todorov, O. S., Lindenfors, P., Laland, K. N. & Reader, S. M. 2018. Primate brain anatomy: New volumetric MRI measurements for neuroanatomical studies. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 91:109-117. DOI: 10.1159/000488136.

See also the 2019 erratum: DOI: 10.1159/000496658.

FILENAME: Data_NavarreteEtAl_BBE_2018_Table1.csv
Filetype: csv, comma-separated values. 
Description: Primate brain component volume species-level data.

Table legend:
Table 1 (electronic version of Table 1 in main text): Mean brain component volumes (in mm3) for 39 primate species measured in the present study. Supplementary Table S1 provides the individual-level morphological dataset including additional samples, additional brain areas (hemispheres, corpus callosum and lateral geniculate nuclei), lateralized measurements, specimen and individual details, and the list of specimens included in the means. Source: PBB: Primate Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience; GANP: Great Ape Neuroscience Project. 

Columns in the file are as follows:
1. Species: Species of primate. 

2. n: Sample size. 

3. Source: Origin of specimen or scan. PBB: Primate Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience; GANP: Great Ape Neuroscience Project. 

4. Total brain volume: Total brain volume in mm3.

5-13. Volumes of brain components, in mm3: Telencephalon; Neocortex (Isocortex); Cerebellum.


FILENAME: Data_NavarreteEtAl_BBE_2018_TableS1.csv
Filetype: csv, comma-separated values. 
Description: Primate brain component volume individual-level data.

Table legend:
Supplementary Table S1: Individual specimen details, morphological data, and all brain measurements. The Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience Primate Brain Bank records method of preservation, sex, age, body mass and brain mass of animals and the post-mortem delay. Other specimens were MRIs from Other Sources (see erratum for details), measured in the current study. For ÔOther SourcesÕ scans the identifier is the studbook number for the great apes and a numerical identifier for the capuchins. Where alternative identifiers have been used in previous publications, we give these in brackets. Grey data columns indicate bilateral measurements. Samples marked 'No' under 'Included in Table 1' had damage or other problems compromising brain measurements, and thus were not included in our final dataset (i.e. Table 1, main text). Since no measurements are available in the literature for some of these specimens, they are presented here. Note that the medulla was frequently incomplete in PBB specimens. Other abbreviations: PBS: phosphate-buffered saline + 0.1% sodium azide; NA: not available. 

Columns in the file are as follows:
1. Infraorder: Infraorder of primate.

2. Superfamily: Superfamily of primate.

3. Family: Family of primate.

4. Subfamily: Subfamily of primate.

5. Species: Species of primate. 

6. Source: Origin of specimen or scan. Primate Brain Bank: Primate Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience; Phillips: contributed by K.A. Phillips, Trinity University; GANP: contributed by Great Ape Neuroscience Project. 

7. Identifier: Specimen identifier.

8. Storage: Method of specimen preservation.

9. Sex: Sex of specimen. 

10. Age: Age of specimen in years. 

11. Body mass: Body mass of specimen in kg. 

12. Brain mass: Brain mass of specimen in g.

13. Post-mortem: Post-mortem delay in h.

14-26. Volumes of brain components, in mm3: Total brain volume; Telencephalon; Hemispheres; Right hemisphere; Left hemisphere; Corpus callosum; Neocortical (Isocortical) grey; Right neocortical grey; Left neocortical grey; Lateral geniculate nucleii; Right lateral geniculate nucleus; Left lateral geniculate nucleus; Cerebellum. 

27. Included in Table 1: Samples marked 'No' under 'Included in Table 1' had damage or other problems compromising brain measurements, and thus were not included in our final dataset (Table 1, main text). Since no measurements are available in the literature for some of these specimens, they are presented here.

28. Comments.


FILENAME: Data_NavarreteEtAl_BBE_2018_TableS2.csv
Filetype: csv, comma-separated values. 
Description: Primate brain component volume comparisons.

Table legend:
Supplementary Table S2: Brain component volumes corrected to the species mean brain volumes from the serial section histological measurements of Stephan et al. [1981] and Zilles & Rehkamper [1988], with percent error compared to these sources. These corrections were conducted to compare the datasets: note that mean species brain volumes are available based on more extensive databases. Serial section histological measurements of the neocortical grey came from Frahm et al. [1982]. Source: PBB: Primate Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience; GANP: Great Ape Neuroscience Project. Other abbreviations: NA: not available.

The file has two header rows. 

Columns in the file are as follows:
1. Species: Species of primate. 

2. n: Sample size. 

3. Source: Origin of specimen or scan. PBB: Primate Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience; GANP: Great Ape Neuroscience Project.

4-11. Corrected volumes of brain components, in mm3: Telencephalon; Neocortical grey (Isocortex); Hippocampus; Striatum; Diencephalon; Cerebellum; Mesencephalon; Medulla and pons.

12-20. Percent error: Total brain volume; Telencephalon; Neocortical grey (Isocortex); Hippocampus; Striatum; Diencephalon; Cerebellum; Mesencephalon; Medulla and pons.


FILENAME: Data_NavarreteEtAl_BBE_2018_TableS3.csv
Filetype: csv, comma-separated values. 
Description: Primate brain component volume inter-observer comparisons.

Table legend:
Supplementary Table S3: Percent errors between the current dataset and three sets of independent measurements of the same specimens: de Viet [2009], Todorov [2010] and Sherwood and colleagues [Sherwood et al., 2004; Barks et al., 2015]. TodorovÕs [2010] whole brain measure excluded brainstem and thus are consistently smaller than our measurements. Brain source: PBB: Primate Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience; GANP: Great Ape Neuroscience Project. For GANP scans the identifier is the studbook number, with alternative identifiers used in previous publications in brackets. Other abbreviations: NR: Not reported/available. 

Columns in the file are as follows:
1. Species: Species of primate. 

2. Identifier: Specimen identifier. 

3. Brain source: Origin of specimen or scan. PBB: Primate Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience; GANP: Great Ape Neuroscience Project.

4. Data source: source of comparison volumetric data. 

5-12. Percent error: Total brain volume; Telencephalon; Neocortical grey (Isocortical grey); Cerebellum; Hippocampus; Striatum; Thalamus; Diencephalon.


FILENAME: Data_NavarreteEtAl_BBE_2018_Table1TableS1TableS2TableS3.xls
Filetype: Excel file. 
Description: Primate brain component volume data.

The four csv files described above, combined into a single Excel workbook and with additional formatting. Grey data columns in Table S1 indicate bilateral measurements. 


FILENAMES: .zip
Filetypes: Zip archives containing folders, NIfTI-1 .nii files, .img, .hdr, .ima files. 
Description: Magnetic resonance imaging scans of non-human primates. 

The supplementary material contains 51 zip archives, one for each specimen, each named in the format 'Primate Brain Bank Identifier_Species name.zipÕ. Each archive contains a folder named with the date images were acquired. Specimens were scanned at the Center for Image Sciences at Utrecht University (Utrecht, The Netherlands).  Within each folder are two Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative NIfTI-1 files, with the filename format:
'Primate Brain Bank Identifier_ge3d_TrXTe5Alpha10Matrix512x256x256.nii'. X represents the repetition time (TR) in ms, TE the echo time (5 ms), Alpha the ā (10ø), Matrix the voxel size of the matrix (512x256x256 voxels).   

Each specimen was scanned twice, once with a TR of 30 ms and once with a TR of 100 ms. The 100 ms TR scans were used for the volumetric measurements described in the paper.

For example, for specimen 'PB0628_Macaca_fuscata', there are two files representing the two different scanning parameters:
PB0628_ge3d_Tr100Te5Alpha10Matrix512x256x256.nii
PB0628_ge3d_Tr30Te5Alpha10Matrix512x256x256.nii

An exception is PB0111_Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla, a specimen scanned at the F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (Nijmegen, The Netherlands). This folder, PB0111_20040422_FCDondersScan, contains a fileset with an .img file, a .hdr file, and 192 .ima files. 

Volumetric measurements of brain areas, description of procedures, and sample details are available with the accompanying publication.

Images can be viewed with various software packages, such as the freeware MiPAV (http://mipav.cit.nih.gov/). Sufficient memory must be allocated to MiPAV to view the files (at least 1500 MB).


NOTES: 
Please see the article for additional details and acknowledgements. Additional resources will be posted to http://primate.research.mcgill.ca.

Cells with no volume data are filled with NA (Tables S1, S2) or NR (Table S3). 

PBB specimens were loaned with permission from the Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience Primate Brain Bank (PBB; http://www.primatebrainbank.org/). No individuals are sacrificed for PBB brain issue. Instead, brains are collected from individuals that died from natural causes or that had to be humanely euthanized for reasons unrelated to the tissue collection. Thus the PBB allows brain tissue to be preserved that would otherwise go to waste.

Specimens scanned at the Center for Image Sciences, Utrecht were scanned by Erwin L.A. Blezer. Primary volumetric measurements were made by Ana F. Navarrete.

Contact Simon Reader (simon.reader@mcgill.ca) for questions. 


REFERENCES:
Barks SK, Calhoun ME, Hopkins WD, Cranfield MR, Mudakikwa A, Stoinski TS, Patterson FG, Erwin JM, Hecht EE, Hof PR, Sherwood CC (2015) Brain organization of gorillas reflects species differences in ecology. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:252-262.

de Viet S (2009) The co-evolution of the neocortex and intelligence. Unpublished MSc thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Frahm HD, Stephan H, Stephan M (1982) Comparison of brain structure volumes in Insectivora and Primates. I. Neocortex. J Hirnforsch 23:375-389.

Sherwood CC, Cranfield MR, Mehlman PT, Lilly AA, Garbe JAL, Whittier CA, Nutter FB, Rein TR, Bruner HJ, Holloway RL, Tang CY, Naidich TP, Delman BN, Steklis HD, Erwin JM, Hof PR (2004) Brain structure variation in great apes, with attention to the mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei). Am J Primatol 63:149-164.

Stephan H, Frahm HD, Baron G (1981) New and revised data on volumes of brain structures in insectivores and primates. Folia Primatol 35:1-29.

Todorov OS (2010) The evolution of the prefrontal brain areas in primates: A volumetric study. Unpublished MSc thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Zilles K, RehkŠmper G (1988) The brain, with special reference to the telencephalon; in Schwartz JH (ed): Orang-Utan Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 157-176.


This file was last updated 19-02-2019.